In this study, chemical compositions of black Seed meals samples were determined. 18 male weaning Zandi lambs with an average body weight of 23.5 ±1.5 kg were used in a completely randomized design in three groups of six in individual pens. Experimental treatments were: 1) control (basal diet with 12% soybean meal and without black Seed meal), 2) diet containing 6% soybean meal and 9% black Seed meal and 3) diet containing 18% black Seed meal and without soybean meal. The concentration of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, NDF, ADF, ADIN, and crude ash of black Seed meal samples were 97.53±0.58, 31.26±0.99, 15.16 ± 0.61, 25.95 ± 1.34, 14.2±0.80, 0.69±0.04 and 5.07 ± 0.24, respectively. Replacement of soybean meal with black Seed meal in the diet of experimental lambs had no effect on final body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, dry matter intake, dressing percentage, tail and total body fat deposition. Albumin and total protein were higher for lambs fed by diet containing 18 % black Seed meal compared to other treatments (P <0.05). However, the concentration of blood triglyceride, cholesterol and urea nitrogen were not differed between experimental groups. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude fat and protein were not affect by feeding of experimental diets. It seems that black Seed meal can be used in the diet of fattening lambs up to 18% without adverse effect on performance and nutrients digestibility of growing lambs.

In order to investigate the effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus levels on Seed protein content and protein yield of mungbean variety Partow a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the Islamic Azad University of Shahre-rey in Tehran, Iran in 2009. The Experiment was laid out with factorial arrangement in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Five levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha -1 ) and six levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg P2O5 ha -1 ) were the treatment variables. Results showed that application of N and P fertilizers significantly increased the Seed protein content and protein yield. The maximum Seed protein content (22.53%) and the highest protein yield (49.55 g m -2 ) were obtained when 120 kg N ha -1 and 150 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 were applied.

Seed germination is the begining of life cycle for many crops. Snitable methods of Seed selection and production have great effects on the yield. In this study, a field work was preceded hy a laboratory experiment in order to evaluate the Seed vigour in seven sorghum lines. The field experiment was a RCBD with three replications and was carried out in 1998, Karaj, Iran. Each experimental plot was 2.6x7m with four rows (65 cm between the rows). After Seedling emergence, the germination percentage was recorded. When the Seedlings were at 4-6 leaves thinning was done to reduce the space between them to 6cm in a row and other necessary practices were carried out on time until the Seeds were fully matured. Samples were taken from all the seven sorghum lines and in the laboratory, using RCBD design, standard Germination Test (G), Cold Test (CT), Accelerated Ageing Test (AA), Electrical Conductivity Test (EC) with four replications were implemented on the samples. The results indicated that the sorghum lines KFS1, KFS2 and KFS4 are significantly different in Seed vigours, percentage of field emergence and also the fresh and dry matter yields of forage.

Feed evaluation provides essential information’s to animal nutritionists for better feed formulation on the basis of physiological and economical view of point to improve animal performance. There are various feed evaluation method at present time and In situ technique (nylon bag or in sacco method) is commonly used in this way. In this study, ruminal degradability of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and ADF was measured. Four different oil Seed meals consist of canola meal, cotton Seed meal, soybean meal and sunflower meal was studied using in situ method. Results of this experiment indicated that degradability (a+b) and effective degradation (EP) in soybean meal, canola meal and cotton Seed meal produced in Behpak oil plant was (98.5, 98.7 and 56.8%) and (55.8, 62.0 and 48.3%) and for soybean meal, canola meal and sunflower meal produced in kesht-o-sanat oil plant was (81.7, 90.1 and 90.5%) and (47.1, 52.5 and 45.2%) respectively.

In order to determine the effects of water deficit and different nitrogen levels on oil Seed, Seed protein and relations of them with oil yield and protein yield in rapeSeed, two field experiments were conducted using a factorial split-plot in randomized complete block design in 2005 and 2006 growing seasons at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, karaj. In this study, two cultivars (Zarfam and Modena), three water regimes (irrigation after 40, 60 and 80 percent depletion of soil water) and four nitrogen levels (0, 75, 150 and 225 Kg/ha) were studied that irrigation and nitrogen treatments were in main plots and cultivars were in sub plots. Results showed that increasing the nitrogen rate from 0 to 225 kg/ha and increasment in soil water, caused increasing Seed yield, oil yield and protein yield. In water stress condition the Seed oil decreased (7.17%) but the Seed protein increased (8.31%). Increasing nitrogen used caused to decreasing Seed oil (10.08%) and increasing Seed protein (25.19%). Oil yield had strong and significant correlation with Seed yield and oil percent. Also, protein yield had positive and significant correlation with Seed yield. In contrast the two varieties, Zarfam had a higher nitrogen uptake and mobilization under normal irrigation and severe water stress conditions, and also in higher and lower nitrogen conditions.

Functional properties of total protein isolate (TPI) were investigated. The moisture content and ash content of the TPI was found to be 9.16% and 3.92% respectively. The nitrogen solubility of the protein isolate was found to be maximum at pH 7. The foaming capacity, emulsifying activity and emulsifying stability were greatly affected by pH levels.Viscosity of the TPI solution also changes with pH and increases increase in concentration.Gelation properties of the protein isolate solution were investigated and the lowest gelation concentration was found to be 10%. Water holding capacity of the protein isolate was 3.60 g water/g protein and the oil holding capacity was 2.02 g oil/g protein.

Seed storage proteins were studied by using SDS-PAGE in 14 populations of two Alhagi species, namely A. graecorum Boiss. And A. pseudalhagi (M. B.) Desv. In total 11 protein bands were obtained among which, bands 1,2,4,5, 7, 9 and 10 were common in all the taxa studied while band 3 is specific in Mehran population of A. graecorum. Cluster analysis of protein data revealed that such data may not be useful in differentiating the two Alhagi species, however they can be used in revealing the inter-population variation.

The amount of total protein in Seed from four varieties of Cucurbita was identified. Three varieties of these plants (ghalami, mashhadi, kaghazi) were from Cucurbita pepo and one variety (tanbal) was from Cucurbita maxima. Result showed the total protein range between 36.47-37.60%. Isolation and analysis of Seed storage protein was carried out by Lamelli method and electrophoresis with polyacrylamid gel on SDS. Electrophorgram from Seed storage protein showed 22 protein bands which their molecular masses were between 3.73-156 Kd and 12 protein bands are the same. Dendrogram of these 22 protein bands and similarity matrix showed similarity percent and genetically distance among them. First cluster included three varieties of C.pepo and second cluster included C.maxima, which had very low similarity in regard to first cluster and had genetically distance with three varieties of C.pepo. These result indicate that Seed storage protein can be used to identify the genetically distance among varieties.